Should a 7 year-old be in a strength training program?

If you asked 50 people this question, I'd be willing to bet dollars-to-donuts you'd get 45 people to say "NO WAY!"

Is strength training bad for kids?

But far too often we get our terminology confused. "Strength Training" is not synonymous with "weight lifting." Another term that is grossly misunderstood is "resistance training." Think about these words and what they mean when we break them down.

Strength training - training the neuromuscular system in order to improve maximum force output or strength

Weight lifting - the act of lifting an external weight in an effort to overload the muscular system, and subsequently causing an adaptive response

Resistance Training - performing a series of movements using an implement to improve muscular force output

Don't be swayed by what most people think. Strength training can use any device, including the person's own body. If I asked a 7-year old to do a pushup is this wrong? If I asked him to do 2 sets of pushups doing as many as he can, would this be wrong?

Somewhere a sister is looking for her pants.

But this is what strength training for a 7-year old is! Teaching them how their body moves, how to control it and how to improve it. Otherwise we end up with kids that are either overweight or kids so weak they can't do a pullup so they start wearing their sister's pants.

So yes, 7-year old children should be in a structured training program if they are not playing sports. You are correct in saying that children of that age should not be lifting for maximum strength.

But training balance, coordination, rhythm and general body awareness and control is not something that needs to wait until he's "ready."

A good place to start training is our Junior Speed, Strength and Power (SSP) Camp. For ages 8-12, this is a 4-week summer training program that meets Tues/Thurs from 1-2:30pm. If you have any questions, feel free to send an email to aaron@pairmarotta.com and we'll be happy to answer any questions you may have!

The best way to train speed...

Many sports performance coaches, trainers and facilities say they are "research based." But often times their research consists of nothing more than a quick perusing of YouTube to see what the latest gadget is.

But we at Pair & Marotta do read A LOT of research. We understand how specific exercises train the muscular system and what techniques work the best. So today we'll cover a very HOT topic: Methods for Speed Training.

Everybody loves speed. They love to watch players literally move like electricity and yet do it so smoothly. But how do we train it? Should we use parachutes? Bands? Sleds? Hills?

In the most recent edition of the "Strength & Conditioning Journal" Matthew Behrens, MS and Shawn Simonson, EdD reviewed the options for improving sprint speed. Here is my brief summary.

The first point is that there are two parts to improving speed: Stride frequency and stride length. The authors state that assisted sprinting is used to improve stride rate. Stride rate is otherwise known as the speed that the legs are moving. The legs can move fast, but if they aren't taking long enough steps, then they're literally just "spinning their wheels."

Over speed training can be accomplished using various methods. The first is to be towed. To do this you'll need 2 people or a fixed anchor point. Generally an elastic band is hooked to 2 athletes and the person in the back runs at supra-maximal speeds. I generally describe it to athletes as "running faster than you ever have before." Obviously without the demand on the legs to push harder, they just have to keep up with the body being towed.

The second method the researchers discuss is high-speed treadmill sprinting. This has been demonstrated to be effective, but is usually cost-prohibited in addition to restricting training to 1 person at a time. 

Downhill training is also effective but only at specific angles. The problem with downhill training is that the slope should be a maximum of 2-3 degrees. Usually finding a slope long enough at this angle becomes a problem.

Behrens and Simonson recommend that the best recommendation is assisted towing. This still allows the athlete an acceleration phase but with a much faster top end. One area of concern with over-speed assisted training is the risk of hamstring strains due to a braking effect. If the leg extends too far out during the pull-through of the running cycle, the hamstring attempts to slow the body down and often this is where we see a multitude of hamstring injuries.

Assisted sprinting is used to develop stride frequency. On the other end of the spectrum is resisted sprinting. Resisted sprinting is used to develop stride strength and length. The only 2 options the authors give for resisted training is resisted towing and uphill sprints. 

Resisted Sprinting

The concern regarding resisted sprinting is that if the resistance is too great, sprint mechanics will be altered and as a result the transfer over to normal sprinting will not be as great. As a result, parachutes have been developed as they provide resistance, but not so much that the mechanics are changed. Finding an appropriate hill is also problematic as too steep of an incline will surely change sprinting mechanics.

Although sprint training might seem simple, it is a highly complex topic that takes proper prescription of exercise and drills. Think of training like a prescription medicine. If the dosage is too high, there will be severe side effects and the medicine will be ineffective. If the dosage is too low, the medicine will have minimal effect. In order to train athletes to be their best, you must have the correct prescription.

Fortunately, Pair & Marotta Peak Performance training has the solution: Summer Speed, Strength & Power (SSP) Camp. By attending this 6-week camp, your athletes will get faster, stronger, more powerful, more resistant to injury and have a refined work ethic. We have 2 camps, one for junior athletes age 8-12, and a high school camp for athletes ages 13-18. Camps start June 6. For more information and costs, please contact Aaron@pairmarotta.com or call 661-912-9991 or visit www.pairmarotta.com/fitness.

What can bodybuilders teach high school athletes?

What NOT to do. 

Why? Body builders are professionals. It's their life, their dedication, their occupation often! Body builders often spend hours at the gym. Body building is a sport of it's own. And honestly, most body builders probably aren't the best basketball, soccer, baseball or football players. But they sure are great body builders!

Lunges and split squats are an athletes best friend!

Look at how bodybuilders lift. They usually have 3-4 exercises per body part, using 4-6 sets of 10-20 reps. Imagine how long this takes and the amount of stress on their bodies! 

But what does it take to be a high school all-star? Dedication to your sport and efficiency in the weight room. Sports are played using a single joint. Athletes don't do preacher curls, leg extensions, calf raises, tricep kickbacks or crunches during sports. They push, pull, rotate, squat and lunge. 

Also, we lift heavy. We keep it short and sweet. 4 sets of 6, 5 sets of 5, not much over 8 reps ever! And we use compound lifts that work 3-4 muscle groups per exercise!

The sad thing is that misguided coaches and parents often teach their young athletes to lift like this. Then when they see the way we lift, I always see the light go on followed by the words, "That makes a lot of sense!"

And these are things we do right now in our FAST Forward program. And they are the movements we'll train in our summer Speed, Strength and Power (SSP) Camp. Interested in learning more about either program?

Contact me at aaron@pairmarotta.com.